Iliotibial band (ITB)

The Iliotibial Band (ITB) is a dense, fibrous band of connective tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh. It plays a crucial role in providing stability to the knee and facilitating proper leg movement during various activities.

Originating from the tensor fasciae latae muscle on the outer side of the hip, the ITB extends down the lateral thigh and inserts into the tibia, just below the knee joint. The ITB is not a muscle but rather a tough, inelastic band that functions as a stabilising structure.

Functionally, the ITB plays a significant role in stabilising the knee during activities such as walking, running, and cycling. It helps to distribute the forces generated by the muscles around the hip and thigh, preventing excessive friction between the muscles and the underlying bones. The ITB also works in conjunction with other muscles to provide lateral stability to the knee joint.

In some individuals, the ITB can become tight or inflamed, leading to conditions such as iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). ITBS is characterised by pain on the outside of the knee, often aggravated during activities that involve repetitive knee flexion and extension. Stretching and strengthening exercises, along with proper biomechanical adjustments, are often recommended to manage ITB-related issues.

In summary, the Iliotibial Band is a crucial connective tissue structure that provides stability to the knee and contributes to the smooth functioning of the lower limb during various activities. Understanding its role and incorporating appropriate exercises are essential for promoting overall lower limb health and functionality.